Meet the Researcher: Holly O’Shea, PhD Student at the FOXG1 Research Center

Holly O'Shea, PhD student, giving a talk on Examining Mitochondrial Dysfunction in FOXG1 Syndrome at The University at Buffalo Department of Biological Sciences science symposium in January 2025.

At the FOXG1 Research Center, every scientist plays a crucial role in advancing our understanding of FOXG1 syndrome. Today, we’re excited to spotlight Holly O’Shea, a PhD candidate at the University at Buffalo whose dedication to research, mentorship, and discovery is shaping the future of FOXG1 science.

Holly’s journey into research wasn’t a straight path—she initially leaned toward English and writing in high school. However, one transformative Anatomy class with an inspiring teacher changed everything. “That was the sole reason I got into science,” Holly recalls. “She was the first PhD I ever met, and she made biology engaging and fun. I never would have gone down this path without her.”

Now, years later, Holly is a leading researcher studying FOXG1’s role in mitochondrial function while also managing the AAV9 gene therapy pre-clinical safety studies at the research center. She balances a busy schedule of mentoring students, conducting research, and pushing the boundaries of FOXG1 science—and she wouldn’t have it any other way.

From Student to Scientist: Holly’s Journey to FOXG1 Research

Originally from Syracuse, New York, Holly completed all of her college education at UB, where she earned her Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees in Biological Sciences before transitioning into the PhD program.

Her first encounter with Dr. Soo-Kyung Lee and Dr. Jae Lee, the co-directors of the FOXG1 Research Center, happened during graduate school orientation. Among back-to-back faculty presentations, theirs stood out.

"Soo and Jae’s talk was different—it was so genuine," Holly shares. “You could tell how much they cared about their work and the FOXG1 families. It wasn’t just science to them—it was personal. That’s what made me want to join their lab.”

Since then, Holly has played a pivotal role in the rapid growth of the FOXG1 Research Center, working closely with scientists, clinicians, and families to drive meaningful discoveries forward.

What Drives Holly’s Passion for FOXG1 Research?

For Holly, the motivation to keep going—even when experiments don’t go as planned—comes from the FOXG1 community itself.

"Research can be frustrating—you spend so much time troubleshooting, optimizing, and rethinking your approach. But the FOXG1 families? They are the most resilient, dedicated people I’ve ever met. They inspire me every single day."

One of the most powerful moments for Holly was when she met FOXG1 families in person for the first time. “Seeing their perspective, knowing that we’re working directly with their child’s cells—it makes everything feel so much more real and meaningful.”

She also credits her mentors and colleagues for creating a supportive, collaborative lab environment where no challenge feels impossible. “Soo and Jae always remind us of why we’re doing this work. And our lab? It’s not the stereotypical intimidating research lab—it’s welcoming, it’s encouraging, and everyone here is genuinely happy to be part of it.”

Holly’s Research: Connecting FOXG1 & Mitochondrial Function

One of Holly’s key research projects focuses on the connection between FOXG1 and mitochondrial function—an area of growing importance in understanding the biological basis of FOXG1 syndrome.

"People don’t always realize just how much energy the brain consumes—it's the most energy-demanding tissue in the body," she explains. “If mitochondrial function is disrupted, that could have a huge impact on brain development and overall function. Understanding this connection could help us get closer to real treatment strategies.”

Additionally, as project manager for the AAV9 gene therapy pre-clinical safety studies, Holly helps oversee one of the most promising treatment approaches in FOXG1 research today. Balancing research, management, and mentoring younger scientists is no easy task, but she thrives in the fast-paced environment.

"Honestly, I’m always running around—but I love it. Every part of my work is equally important, and getting to help younger students develop their own skills? That’s incredibly rewarding.”

Looking Ahead: The Future of FOXG1 Research

Reflecting on the past few years, Holly is amazed at how much progress has been made in FOXG1 research.

"When I started in 2020, we didn’t know nearly as much as we do now. The strides we’ve made in understanding the disease, its mechanisms, and potential treatments? It’s incredible. And we’re just getting started."

Her ultimate goal? To deepen our understanding of the underlying causes of FOXG1 symptoms and translate that knowledge into effective treatments for families.

"I hope that five years from now, we have a much clearer picture of what’s driving these symptoms and that we’re using that knowledge to develop more targeted therapies. We’ve come so far, and I can’t wait to see what’s next.”

Beyond the Lab: Holly’s Personal Side

When Holly isn’t in the lab, you’ll find her reading fantasy and sci-fi novels, baking sourdough bread, practicing yoga, or spending time outdoors.

"I really love quiet activities," she says. “Reading, cooking, spending time with close friends—it helps me recharge.”

Her most recent book? Priory of the Orange Tree by Samantha Shannon—a fantasy novel she highly recommends.

Final Thoughts: Advice for Future Scientists

For students considering a career in research, Holly’s advice is simple:

"Take your time and explore. You don’t have to jump straight into a PhD—try different experiences first. I started with teaching labs, then did a Master’s, and eventually pivoted to a PhD. Science has so many different paths—find what excites you the most.”

As for her biggest personal lesson from research? “I’ve learned just how resilient I can be. In the beginning, every mistake felt like a huge setback. But over time, you learn to pivot, troubleshoot, and keep moving forward. There’s always a way to solve a problem.”

A Huge Thank You to Holly!

We are so grateful to have scientists like Holly O’Shea dedicating their careers to advancing FOXG1 research. Her passion, perseverance, and commitment to the FOXG1 community continue to make a profound impact.

Holly, her brother Tim and their dog Mac on Christmas 2024.